Global atlas

Caribbean · data through 2024

Haiti

Haiti is one of the largest origin countries in the Caribbean, with long established communities across the Americas and France, and movement that has accelerated with insecurity and repeated disasters.

Twenty five year view

Movement in both directions

These lines show migrant stock, meaning people living outside their birth country at each point in time. They do not show annual arrivals.

Why people move

Leading documented drivers

  • Armed violence and loss of safety in and around the capital
  • Repeated disasters, including the 2010 earthquake and successive hurricanes
  • Collapse of stable income, food security, and access to healthcare
  • Family reunification with earlier generations abroad
  • Staged movement through South America when first destinations close

Movement out of Haiti has run in waves for decades, shaped by political instability, hurricanes and the 2010 earthquake, and the collapse of security in and around Port au Prince. The Dominican Republic hosts the largest population by proximity, while long standing communities sit in the United States, Canada, France, Chile, and Brazil. Many people move in stages, working for years in one South American country before moving again.

Connections

Where movement connects

Common destinations

Dominican Republic, United States, Chile, Canada, France, Brazil, Bahamas

Common origins

Dominican Republic

Adapting and finding support

What helps

Language is the first divide, with Haitian Creole speakers arriving into Spanish, English, and Portuguese speaking systems. Status is often temporary or contested, which keeps work informal and schooling interrupted. Qualifications are rarely recognised, and remittances to relatives at home remain a fixed household cost long after arrival.

Documentation and status advice, Haitian Creole interpretation, and school enrolment support are the decisive first steps in most destinations.

Use the support guide

Research that explains this pattern

What the scholarship says

Psychology

Ambiguous loss

Grief without a body or an ending, a parent alive but unreachable, a home that still exists but cannot be returned to, resists ordinary mourning.

Families hold the loss open for years, and closure focused support can do harm rather than help.

Pauline Boss, ambiguous loss theory

Anthropology

Why corridors keep themselves alive

Each person who arrives lowers the cost and risk for the next, through housing, jobs, information, and trust. The route becomes self sustaining.

Corridors persist long after the original cause has faded, and policy alone rarely closes them.

Douglas Massey and colleagues, cumulative causation and network theory

Anthropology

Money as kinship

Sending money home is not only economic. It maintains standing, honours obligation, and keeps a person a member of the family they left.

People send money they cannot spare, and stopping carries social cost heavier than the financial one.

Marcel Mauss on the gift, applied in contemporary migration ethnography

Behavioural economics

Choosing under deep uncertainty

Migration decisions are made with unknown odds rather than known risks, so people lean on stories, rumour, and the experience of one relative.

Word from a single trusted person can outweigh official information, and misinformation spreads along the same routes as people.

Frank Knight on risk and uncertainty, with later work on ambiguity aversion

Psychology

Growth after hardship

Some people report deepened relationships, clearer purpose, and new strength after severe adversity, alongside rather than instead of the pain.

Support works better when it recognises capability rather than treating arriving people only as damaged.

Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun

Read the full scholarship library

Ask for support in Haiti

This is guidance and connection to organisations. It is not legal advice and it is not an emergency service.

Sources and reading

Figures are rounded published estimates. Causes and adaptation differ within every country and should not be read as a verdict about any person.